Spitting behavior in children with autism can be a challenging issue for parents, educators, and therapists. Understanding the underlying causes and employing effective strategies can significantly help in managing this behavior. Olga Sirbu outlines nine practical tips to address spitting behavior in children with autism.
1. Consult a Pediatrician or Dentist
Before addressing spitting behavior, it’s essential to rule out any medical or dental issues. Spitting may sometimes be a response to discomfort or pain caused by teething, loose teeth, or other oral health concerns. Consulting a pediatrician or dentist ensures that medical factors are addressed, which might eliminate the behavior entirely.
2. Observe and Collect Information
Observation is a crucial step in understanding spitting behavior. Pay close attention to when the behavior occurs, what happens before it, and the consequences that follow. Keeping a detailed log of these observations helps identify patterns and the underlying function of the behavior. This data-driven approach forms the foundation for effective intervention strategies.
3. Use Visual Supports
Visual supports like schedules and “first-then” boards can help reduce unpredictability, which is often a trigger for challenging behaviors. By clearly outlining activities and transitions, children can feel more prepared and less anxious, reducing the likelihood of spitting behavior.
4. Incorporate Timers
Timers are a helpful tool for children to understand the duration of specific activities or the time they need to remain in a particular location. Knowing when an activity will end can alleviate stress and prevent spitting as a form of protest or escape.
5. Eliminate Triggers
Identify and address the specific triggers that lead to spitting. For example, if crowded environments or challenging tasks provoke the behavior, teach the child to request a break using verbal communication, pictures, sign language, or an augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) device. Proactively managing triggers can prevent spitting before it starts.
6. Teach Functional Communication
Spitting may be a way for children to seek attention or express unmet needs. Teaching functional communication skills—such as tapping an adult’s shoulder, using a picture exchange system, or employing AAC devices—can provide alternative methods for gaining attention or expressing needs. Reinforcing these positive communication methods reduces reliance on inappropriate behaviors like spitting.
7. Address Sensory Needs
For some children, spitting fulfills a sensory need. Providing appropriate sensory items like chewable toys, scarves, or fidget tools can help satisfy this need without resorting to spitting. In one case, a child was given sensory items to hold, which successfully diverted their spitting behavior.
8. Teach Appropriate Spitting Locations
If spitting is due to excess saliva or is otherwise unavoidable, teach the child appropriate places to spit, such as into a tissue or a toilet. Consistently guiding the child to use these designated areas helps them understand when and where spitting is acceptable.
9. Use Social Stories and Positive Reinforcement
Social stories are an effective way to teach children about the consequences of spitting and appropriate alternatives. Create simple, engaging narratives that explain when spitting is acceptable and why it’s important to avoid it in other contexts.
Positive reinforcement is another powerful tool. Praise, hugs, preferred activities, or toys can be offered when the child engages in socially acceptable behaviors. Over time, this reinforces positive behavior while discouraging unwanted actions. Ignoring inappropriate behavior (when safe to do so) can further reduce its occurrence.
Spitting Behavior in Children with Autism – Conclusion
Addressing spitting behavior in children with autism requires a combination of observation, understanding, and proactive strategies. By consulting healthcare professionals, using visual aids, teaching functional communication, and reinforcing positive behaviors, caregivers can effectively manage this challenging behavior while supporting the child’s development. Patience and consistency are key in ensuring long-term success.
Also read: Parenting Strategies for PDA: Low Demand Parenting Approach Explained
About Olga Sirbu
My name is Olga Sirbu, I am a Board Certified Behavior Analyst (BCBA) and Licensed Applied Behavioral Analyst. My goal is to support and empower families and individuals on the autism spectrum.
Autism Advance is dedicated to training parents and caregivers, providing practical tips, and teaching individuals how to educate kids with autism.
I share evidence-based practices to help you better understand and support individuals with autism. Learn practical strategies to help individuals with autism reach their full potential, as well as gain a deeper understanding and acceptance of autism.
Thank you for considering Autism Advance as a resource for your autism journey.
