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What are the 5 types of Autism ? A Complete Guide To Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatments

types of autism

Autism is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder that affects communication, social interaction, and behavior. It is a spectrum disorder, which means that the symptoms and severity can vary widely between individuals. Until 2013, experts talked about different types of autism such as Kanner’s, Asperger’s syndrome, pervasive developmental disorder, Rett Syndrome, and Childhood Disintegrative Disorder. But since 2013, when the DSM-5 was published, all the 5 types of autism were connected in a single diagnosis called “autism spectrum disorders.”

What are the 5 types of Autism ?

Types of Autism

It is essential to understand the different types of autism because each type is unique and requires different approaches to treatment. The five types of autism are:

Classic Autism: This is the first and most well-known from the types of autism and is usually diagnosed in early childhood. Children with classic autism often have delayed language development, difficulty with social interactions, and engage in repetitive behaviors or routines. They may also have difficulty with sensory processing, such as being overly sensitive to certain sounds or textures.

Asperger Syndrome: Individuals with Asperger syndrome may have average or above-average intelligence and good language skills but may struggle with social interactions and have difficulty understanding social cues. They may have specific interests or hobbies and can become very knowledgeable in these areas.

Pervasive Developmental Disorder: This type of autism is diagnosed when an individual has some, but not all, of the symptoms of classic autism or Asperger syndrome. Individuals with PDD may have difficulties with social interactions, communication, and repetitive behaviors, but their symptoms may not fit neatly into the diagnostic criteria for classic autism or Asperger syndrome.

Childhood Disintegrative Disorder (CDD): This type of autism is very rare and typically diagnosed after the age of 2. Individuals with CDD will typically develop normally until around age 2, but then begin to lose skills such as language, social interactions, and motor skills. They may also experience seizures or other medical issues.

Rett Syndrome: This is a genetic disorder that primarily affects girls and is caused by a mutation in the MECP2 gene. Girls with Rett syndrome will typically develop normally for the first 6 to 18 months of life, but then begin to lose motor and communication skills. They may experience seizures and other medical issues, and often have difficulty with breathing and digestion.

Diagnosis of Autism

The diagnosis of autism involves a comprehensive evaluation by a team of professionals, which may include a pediatrician, neurologist, child psychiatrist, speech-language pathologist, psychologist, and occupational therapist. The evaluation process typically involves the following steps:

Developmental Screening: The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that all children be screened for autism at their 18-month and 24-month well-child visits. This screening involves asking parents questions about their child’s development and observing the child’s behavior during the appointment.

Comprehensive Evaluation: If a child is found to be at risk for autism during the developmental screening or if concerns arise later on, a comprehensive evaluation will be conducted. This evaluation typically includes a review of medical and developmental history, observation of the child’s behavior and play. Also, they will be standardized tests to assess cognitive, language, and social development.

Diagnostic Criteria: To be diagnosed with autism, an individual must meet the criteria outlined in the DSM-5. The DSM-5 criteria include deficits in social communication and interaction, and the presence of restricted and repetitive behaviors.

Additional Assessments: In some cases, additional assessments may be necessary to rule out other medical or developmental conditions that may be contributing to the individual’s symptoms. These assessments may include hearing and vision tests, genetic testing, and neuroimaging studies.

Treatment of Autism

Once a child has been diagnosed with autism, the next step is to find the right treatment plan. The treatment of autism typically involves a multidisciplinary approach that addresses the core symptoms of the disorder as well as any co-occurring conditions or challenges. The treatment plan should be individualized and tailored to the unique needs of each individual with autism.

Behavioral and educational interventions are evidence-based approaches that can improve communication, social skills, and behavior in individuals with autism. Examples of these interventions include Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA), speech therapy, and social skills training. ABA is one of the most widely used and effective treatments for autism. It involves breaking down complex skills into small, manageable steps, and reinforcing each step as the child learns it.

There are no medications that can cure the types of autism, but medications may be prescribed to manage specific symptoms, such as anxiety, depression, or aggression. The use of medications should be carefully monitored by a healthcare provider.

Some individuals with autism may benefit from alternative therapies such as occupational therapy, music therapy, or art therapy. These therapies can help to improve sensory processing, motor skills, and emotional regulation.

It is important to note that parent training and support play a crucial role in the treatment of all the types of autism. Parent training and support programs can help parents to learn effective strategies for managing behavior, promoting communication and social skills, and accessing resources and services.

The treatment of autism should be tailored to the individual needs of each person with autism, and there is no one-size-fits-all approach. Early diagnosis and intervention are critical in improving outcomes for individuals with autism, and ongoing monitoring and adjustment of the treatment plan may be necessary as the individual’s needs change over time.

Conclusion

While autism is typically thought of as a single disorder, there are actually several different types of autism that vary in terms of their symptoms, severity, and prognosis. Regardless of the specific types of autism, early diagnosis and interventions are critical in improving outcomes for individuals with autism. With the right treatment and support, individuals with autism can lead happy, fulfilling lives.

About Olga Sirbu

My name is Olga Sirbu, I am a Board Certified Behavior Analyst (BCBA) and Licensed Applied Behavioral Analyst. My goal is to support and empower families and individuals on the autism spectrum.

Autism Advance is dedicated to training parents and caregivers, providing practical tips, and teaching individuals how to educate kids with autism.

I share evidence-based practices to help you better understand and support individuals with autism. Learn practical strategies to help individuals with autism reach their full potential, as well as gain a deeper understanding and acceptance of autism.

Thank you for considering Autism Advance as a resource for your autism journey.

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