How to Manage Spitting Behavior in Children with Autism
Children with autism engage in a diverse range of behaviors, such as biting, flopping, crying, scratching, and spitting, among others. These behaviors can serve various purposes, including expressing themselves, coping with their environment, or communicating their needs and emotions. Spitting behavior, in particular, refers to the act of forcefully expelling saliva and is considered a challenging behavior that requires careful management and understanding. This article aims to provide strategies on how to manage spitting behavior in children with autism effectively.
Understanding the Presentation of Spitting Behavior
Spitting behavior can manifest in different ways among children with autism. Some common forms include:
- Spitting on Surfaces or Objects: The child intentionally spits on the floor, furniture, toys, or other items.
- Spitting Towards Others: The child aims their spitting behavior at people, which can be distressing for those involved.
- Self-Spitting: The child spits on themselves, such as their hand or clothes.
- Repetitive Spitting: Some children engage in repetitive spitting, which may become a habitual behavior in specific situations.
Before intervening and adopting strategies to address spitting behavior, it is essential to observe, assess, and identify the main function of this behavior. Based on the function of the behavior, appropriate antecedent and consequence strategies can be prescribed to manage the spitting behavior effectively.
General Strategies for Managing Spitting Behavior
Here are some general strategies that may help manage spitting behavior in children with autism:
- Functional Communication: Since spitting may be a way for the child to express themselves, teaching alternative communication methods can be beneficial. This could include teaching the child to use words, sign language, or visual aids to express their needs and emotions. For example, when the child is engaged in spitting, present them with an alternative communication method and ask, “What do you want?”
- Positive Reinforcement: Implementing a system of positive reinforcement can be effective. When the child exhibits appropriate behavior or uses alternative communication methods, they should receive praise, rewards, or preferred items and activities. For instance, if the child hands you a picture of a desired item instead of spitting as a form of escaping a task, reinforce this behavior by offering them the opportunity to move away from the task and provide verbal praise like, “Good job telling me that you want to go first.”
- Teaching Coping Skills: Helping the child learn appropriate ways to cope with stress or sensory overload can reduce the need for spitting as a maladaptive coping mechanism. This could include teaching deep breathing exercises, taking breaks in a quiet area, or using sensory tools.
- Visual Supports: Visual schedules can help the child understand expectations and appropriate behavior in various situations. Creating a visual schedule together with the child and reinforcing their participation can be beneficial.
- Environmental Modifications: Identifying triggers and making environmental adjustments can be helpful. For example, if a child becomes overwhelmed in a crowded area, providing them with a quiet space can be a solution.
- Redirection and Wiping Mouth: Wiping off the child’s mouth itself may not be a scientific strategy for reducing spitting behavior, but it can be a form of prompt or redirection. However, it is crucial to consider the underlying reason for the behavior and implement appropriate behavioral interventions.
Remember, every child with autism is unique, and the effectiveness of these strategies may vary. It is essential to consult with a behavior analyst or qualified professional who can tailor interventions to the specific needs and characteristics of the individual child. By understanding the underlying causes and triggers of spitting behavior, and employing appropriate strategies, parents and caregivers can help manage this challenging behavior effectively, leading to a better quality of life for the child and their family.
Also read: How to Create And Use Social Stories
About Olga Sirbu
My name is Olga Sirbu, I am a Board Certified Behavior Analyst (BCBA) and Licensed Applied Behavioral Analyst. My goal is to support and empower families and individuals on the autism spectrum.
Autism Advance is dedicated to training parents and caregivers, providing practical tips, and teaching individuals how to educate kids with autism.
I share evidence-based practices to help you better understand and support individuals with autism. Learn practical strategies to help individuals with autism reach their full potential, as well as gain a deeper understanding and acceptance of autism.
Thank you for considering Autism Advance as a resource for your autism journey.
