How to Manage Sensory Behaviors in Children with Autism?
Sensory behaviors in children with autism are an integral part of their daily experiences. These behaviors are often performed by the child to seek comfort, pleasure, or regulate their sensory input. Examples of sensory behaviors include mouthing, spinning in circles, hand flapping, covering ears, rocking, and fidgeting, among others. Understanding the nature of sensory behaviors in children with autism and why they engage in them is essential in developing effective strategies for managing these behaviors. In this article, we will explore sensory behaviors, their underlying reasons, and provide four evidence-based strategies for managing sensory behaviors in children with ASD.
Understanding Sensory Behaviors
Sensory behaviors in children with ASD are distinct from those observed in typically developing children. These behaviors arise due to differences in sensory processing. Sensory behaviors serve as coping mechanisms for children with autism, helping them navigate and respond to environmental stimuli such as sounds, colors, light, smell, and texture.
It is important to recognize that these behaviors serve a purpose for the child, such as reducing anxiety or providing sensory input. They can occur in various settings, including public spaces, home, or when the child is alone in a room. By observing and understanding the triggers and consequences of these behaviors, caregivers can develop appropriate strategies to manage them effectively. For instance, if a child covers their ears in response to loud noises, providing noise-canceling headphones may offer relief.
Evidence-Based Strategies for Managing Sensory Behaviors
- Design an individualized environment: As a parent or caregiver of a child with ASD, you possess valuable knowledge about your child’s likes and dislikes. Use this knowledge to create an individualized environment that can help prevent inappropriate sensory behaviors. Develop antecedent strategies based on your observations to identify and address triggers before they lead to sensory behaviors. For example, if you know that your child enjoys running, jumping, and bouncing off walls, provide them with a treadmill or a trampoline. Similarly, if your child seeks pressure and physical touch, consider offering them a weighted vest, weighted blanket, or a massage chair. Designing the environment based on your child’s unique needs can fulfill their sensory requirements in a positive and socially accepting manner.
- Offer options of alternative sensory experiences: While it is crucial to interrupt and redirect sensory behaviors, it is essential to understand that each child is unique. One size does not fit all when it comes to addressing sensory behaviors in children with autism. For instance, if a child engages in mouthing behavior, which serves a self-stimulatory purpose, providing a suitable chewy item can be helpful. However, pay attention to the texture of objects your child mouths on. If they prefer smooth surfaces, offer a chewy with a smooth texture. If they mouth on fabrics, provide a fabric necklace chewy. By considering individual preferences, you can cater to your child’s specific needs effectively.
- Use a visual schedule: Implementing a visual schedule can aid in managing sensory behaviors. By incorporating sensory activities into the schedule, you gain control over these behaviors. A visual schedule helps develop the child’s ability to self-advocate and promotes independent skills. For example, if you have structures in place to satisfy climbing, running, and jumping sensory needs, create a daily visual schedule that includes prescribed activities as well as sensory activities. Seek your child’s input on when and what sensory activities they would like to engage in between the prescribed activities. This approach encourages their active participation and empowers them to make choices.
- Employ social stories: Social stories are valuable tools for teaching when and how to appropriately use sensory behaviors in children with autism. These stories also guide them toward redirecting their sensory needs. For instance, if a child’s sensory behavior involves tapping fingers on objects, create a social story explaining the potential risks of tapping on dirty or hot surfaces. Additionally, describe alternative ways to satisfy this need, such as providing a safe toy that the child can hold and tap when needed.
Remember, a person-centered approach that understands the individual’s sensory needs and preferences is crucial for effectively managing sensory behaviors in children with autism. Each child with ASD is unique, and what works for one may not work for another. Be observant, analytical, and creative in addressing your child’s sensory needs. By implementing these evidence-based strategies, you can create an environment that supports your child’s sensory well-being and helps them thrive.
Also read: How to Say NO to an Autistic Child
About Olga Sirbu
My name is Olga Sirbu, I am a Board Certified Behavior Analyst (BCBA) and Licensed Applied Behavioral Analyst. My goal is to support and empower families and individuals on the autism spectrum.
Autism Advance is dedicated to training parents and caregivers, providing practical tips, and teaching individuals how to educate kids with autism.
I share evidence-based practices to help you better understand and support individuals with autism. Learn practical strategies to help individuals with autism reach their full potential, as well as gain a deeper understanding and acceptance of autism.
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